Varieties of tomatoes
Tomato varieties can be characterized by various criteria - technological, agrotechnical, and consumer properties:
- By the type of bush growth - deterministic and indeterminate;
- By ripening time - early, mid-ripening, late;
- According to the method of use - dining rooms, for preservation, for the production of juice, etc.
General information
The most common varieties of non - standard tomato, with thin stems lying under the weight of the fruit, and large, slightly corrugated leaves; the bushes can be either dwarf or tall. Varieties of standard tomato are quite numerous. The stems of plants are thick, leaves of medium size, with short petioles and close lobes, strongly corrugated; little stepsons are formed. Compact bushes - from dwarf to medium-sized. Semi-stem tomato varieties were developed that occupy an intermediate position between these groups. Varieties of the potato type, which was named for the similarity of its leaves with potato, are very few.
According to the type of bush growth, tomato varieties are divided into deterministic (weak-growing) and indeterminate (tall).
In determinate varieties, the main stem and lateral shoots stop growing after the formation of 2-6, sometimes more brushes, on the stem. The stem and all shoots end with a flower brush. Stepsons are formed only in the lower part of the stem. The bush is small or medium in size (60-180 cm). In addition to the typically deterministic, supradeterministic varieties are also distinguished, in which plants stop growing after 2-3 brushes are formed on the main stem (all shoots end in inflorescences and form a highly branched small bush; the second growth wave is observed after most of the fruits ripen; the first inflorescence is formed at a height of 7 8th leaf), as well as semi-determined, whose plants are characterized by stronger, almost unlimited growth - they form 8-10 brushes on one stem.
In indeterminate tomato varieties, plant growth is unlimited. The main stem ends with a flower brush (the first brush forms above the 9-12th leaf), and the stepson, growing from the sinus of the leaf closest to the apical brush, continues the growth of the main stem. After the formation of several leaves, the stepson ends his growth by laying a flower bud, and the growth of the plant continues due to the nearest stepson. This happens until the end of the growing season , which usually ends with the first autumn frost. The bush is tall (2 m or more), but the rate of flowering and fruit formation is lower than that of tomatoes of determinate varieties, extended .
By the type of growth, tomatoes are divided into indeterminate (indices) - inflorescences are located in 2-3 leaves, shoots grow unlimitedly, like vines, determinant (children) - inflorescences are located in 1-2 leaves, over 5-6 inflorescences the plant ends its growth ( ) and superdeterminant (superdet or bush) - inflorescences are located through the leaf, over 2-4 inflorescences the plant is crowned. Some authors distinguish an intermediate form between cluster and lianoid tomatoes - semi-determinant (half-children) [1] .
Tomato Varieties Table
| Grade name | Ripening duration | Type of bush growth | Variety | Fruit | Notes | Appearance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpatieva 905-a | Early | Deterministic | Stamp | Red, rounded smooth, 70-90 g. | The bush is small, up to 60 cm tall. The vegetation period is 105-115 days. Harvest from the bush up to 2 kg. The appointment is mainly table, but is suitable for salting and making juice. | |
| Barnaul canning | Early | Deterministic | Half-ram | Red, rounded elongated, 35-45 g. | The plant is up to 45 cm high. The vegetation period is 90-95 days. It does not require pinching. Designed for canning whole fruits. The variety's peculiarity is cold resistance, it can set fruits at a temperature of plus 10-12 ° C, when the development of tomatoes in most varieties stops. Thanks to these unique properties - early maturity and productivity - it gives a good harvest in the most unfavorable years. | |
| Moldavian early | Early | Deterministic | ? | Orange-red, flat-round, up to 100 g. | Fruits of good taste. It is quite resistant to diseases. It is used fresh and for processing. | |
| Variety group De Barao | Late or late | Indeterminate | Non-standard | Various colors, 60-80 g | Within the variety group varieties differ only in color (there are red, pink, orange, pink, black and gold). Canning, although suitable for fresh consumption. Weakly affected by disease. The bush is tall, indeterminate, can reach a height of more than 2 m. The green fruits ripen well and, thanks to the dense skin, can be stored for up to two months. From germination to fruiting 130 days. | |
| Black pear | Mid-season | Deterministic | Potato | Round-pear-shaped or pear-shaped, 60-100 g. | Suitable for growing in open ground, but preferably in greenhouses or greenhouses. Simple brushes, with 5-8 fruits. Fruits are ripe brown when ripe, almost black after ripening. The table and canning variety is resistant to summer cooling. | |
| Persimmon | Mid-season | Deterministic | Non-standard | From flattened to rounded flattened, 80-250 g. | The variety is tall (up to 1 m), equally suitable for open and protected ground. Fruits from yellow to orange, large, tied a little (with a large size). Suitable for all types of processing and consumption. |
Notes
- ↑ Vezhenkova I. Country of red tomatoes . The site "World of Hobbies" Archived December 18, 2010 on Wayback Machine