Vasil Vladimirovich Bykov ( Belorussian. Vasil Uladzіmіravіch Byka ; June 19, 1924 , village of Bychki, Ushachsky District, Vitebsk Region [5] [6] - June 22, 2003 , Borovlyany ) - Soviet and Belarusian writer, public figure, participant in the Great Patriotic War . Member of the Union of Writers of the USSR .
| Vasil Vladimirovich Bykov | ||||||||||||||
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| Belor. Vasіl Bykaў | ||||||||||||||
| Date of Birth | ||||||||||||||
| Place of Birth | Bychki village, Ushachsky district , Vitebsk region , Belorussian SSR , USSR | |||||||||||||
| Date of death | ||||||||||||||
| A place of death | Borovlyany , Minsk region , Belarus | |||||||||||||
| Citizenship (citizenship) | ||||||||||||||
| Occupation | prose writer , publicist , public figure | |||||||||||||
| Years of creativity | since the late 1940s | |||||||||||||
| Direction | prose (mainly military) | |||||||||||||
| Genre | story , short story , journalism , essay | |||||||||||||
| Language of Works | Belarusian, Russian | |||||||||||||
| Awards |
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| Awards |
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| Autograph | ||||||||||||||
| Artworks on the site Lib.ru | ||||||||||||||
Hero of Socialist Labor (1984). People's writer of Belarus (1980). Laureate of the Lenin Prize (1986). Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1974). Laureate of the State Prize of the Belarusian SSR (1978).
Most of the works are novels, the action of which takes place during the Great Patriotic War and which shows the moral choice of a person in the most dramatic moments of life.
Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 Creativity
- 3 Artworks
- 3.1 Tales
- 3.2 Stories, scripts, articles, interviews
- 4 Screen versions and productions
- 4.1 Feature films
- 4.2 Musical works
- 5 Awards
- 6 Prizes and honorary titles
- 7 Memory
- 8 Documentary
- 9 notes
- 10 Literature
- 11 Links
Biography
He was born on June 19, 1924 in a peasant family in the village of Bychki, Ushachsky District, Vitebsk Region. From childhood he was fond of drawing . He graduated from the 8th grade of a school in the village of Kublichi, then studied at the sculptural department of the Vitebsk Art College (1939-1940), which he left due to the cancellation of scholarships [7] , and at the Federal Law School (until May 1941). In June 1941, externally passed exams for grade 10.
The war found him in Ukraine, where he participated in defense work. During the retreat in Belgorod, he lagged behind his convoy and was arrested, Bykov was almost shot as a German spy [8] . In the winter of 1941-1942 he lived at the station. Saltykovka and in the city of Atkarsk, Saratov region , studied at a railway school.
Drafted into the army in the summer of 1942, he graduated from the Saratov Infantry School . In the fall of 1943, he was awarded the rank of second lieutenant. Participated in the battles of Krivoy Rog , Alexandria , Znamenka . During the Kirovograd operation, he was wounded in the leg and stomach (mistakenly recorded as dead); events after the wound served as the basis for the story "It Doesn’t Hurt the Dead ." At the beginning of 1944, he was in the hospital for three months. Then he participated in the Iasi-Chisinau operation , the liberation of Romania . With the army he went through Bulgaria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Austria; senior lieutenant, platoon regiment commander, then army artillery. In the book of memoirs “The Long Road Home” (2003) he recalled the war as follows:
| I foresee a sacramental question about fear: was it afraid? Of course, he was afraid, and maybe sometimes he was a coward. But there are many fears in the war, and they are all different. Fear of the Germans - what they could capture, shoot; fear of fire, especially artillery or bombing. If the explosion is nearby, it seems that the body itself, without the participation of the mind, is ready to burst into pieces from wild torment. But there was also fear that came from behind - from the authorities, from all those punitive organs, which in the war were no less than in peacetime. Even more [8] . |
After demobilization, he lived in Grodno (since 1947). It was published in 1947, worked in workshops, as well as in the editorial office of the regional newspaper Grodno Pravda (until 1949 ). In the period from 1949 to 1955 he again served in the Soviet army , in 1955 he was finally demobilized as a major . From 1955 to 1972 he again worked at the Grodno Truth. Since 1959, a member of the Union of Writers of the USSR . In 1972-1978 - Secretary of the Grodno branch of the Union of Writers of the Belarusian SSR . Bykov’s name appeared in the list of Soviet writers who signed the letter to the editorial office of the Pravda newspaper on August 31, 1973 about Solzhenitsyn and Sakharov , but he himself later denied his participation in this letter.
In 1978 he moved to Minsk . He was elected deputy of the Supreme Council of the Belarusian SSR in 1978-1989.
In 1988 he became one of the founders of the Belarusian Popular Front . In 1988, he was a member of the State Commission for the Investigation of Soviet Crimes in Kurapaty [9] . In 1989, he was elected People's Deputy of the USSR and joined the Interregional Deputy Group. He was president of the Belarusian PEN Center . In October 1990, he signed the Roman appeal. In 1990-1993 - President of the Union of Belarusians of the World “ Fatherland ” ( Russian Fatherland ). In October 1993, he signed an open " letter of forty-two ." In the 1994 Presidential election, he became a confidant of Zeno Pozniak [10] .
He headed the organizing committee of the rally held on March 24, 1996, on the eve of the signing of the first integration agreements of Belarus and Russia . The rally became part of the Minsk Spring . The organizer of the rally was the Belarusian Popular Front [11] .
Since the end of 1997, he lived abroad in political emigration - at first, at the invitation of the PEN Center of Finland, he lived in the vicinity of Helsinki , then, having received an invitation from the PEN Center of Germany, he moved to Germany and then to the Czech Republic . He returned to his homeland only a month before his death. Repeatedly criticized Alexander Lukashenko ; believed that Belarus would prefer an alliance not with Russia, but with the West.
He died on June 22, 2003 at 20 hours from a malignant tumor of the stomach in the intensive care unit of the Oncology Hospital in Borovlyany , near Minsk [12] . He was buried in the Minsk House of Writers according to the rite of the Greek Catholic Church ; the writer's coffin was covered with a white-red-white flag [13] (inaccessible link) . He was buried at the Eastern cemetery in Minsk.
Creativity
Fame Vasily Bykov brought the story " The Third Rocket " ( 1961 ). Also in the 60s, the world-famous novels “ Alpine Ballad ”, “It Doesn’t Hurt the Dead ” were published; in the 70s - “ Sotnikov ”, “ Obelisk ”, “ To survive until dawn ”, “To go and not to return”.
The story "The Raid" was published in the magazine " New World " in 1990.
Vasil Bykov wrote most of his works in Belarusian , many of them he translated into Russian . His literary works have been translated into many languages of the world.
Artwork
Tale
- The last fighter ( Belorussian. "Apostle Bayer" , 1957 )
- Crane Cry ( Belorussian. "Zhuraўlіiny Kryk" , 1959 )
- Betrayal ( Belorussian. "Zdrada" , 1960 )
- The third rocket ( Belorussian. "The Third Rocket" , 1961 )
- Trap ( Belorussian. "Pasta" , 1962 )
- Alpine ballad ( Belorussian. "Alpine Balad" , 1963 )
- It’s not painful for the dead ( Belorussian: “The Dead Do Not Balt” , 1965 )
- Cursed Height ( Belorussian. "Practiced High" , 1968 )
- Kruglyansky bridge ( Belor. "Kruglyansky bridge" , 1968 )
- Attack on the move ( belor. "Attack on the move" , 1968 )
- Cold ( Belorussian. "Scuza" , ( 1969 )
- Sotnikov ( Belor. “Sotnika” , 1970 )
- Obelisk ( Belorussian. "Abelisk" , 1971 )
- Survive until dawn ( Belorussian. Dazhyts yes svіtannya , 1972 )
- The steep bank of the river ( Belor. "Kruty berag raki" , 1972 )
- Wolf pack ( Belorussian. “The First World” , 1975 )
- His battalion ( Belorussian. “Iago battalion” , 1975 )
- To go and not to return ( Belorussian. “Paisstі i not vyarnutstsa” , 1978 )
- Sign of trouble ( belor. "Sign of uncle" , 1982 )
- Quarry ( Belor. "Car'er" , 1985 )
- Dugout ( Belorussian. "Blendage" , 1987 )
- In the fog ( belor. “In the fog” , 1987 )
- Roundup ( Belorussian. "Ablava" , 1988 )
- Love me, soldier ( belor. "Pack me, saldatsik" , 1996 )
- Afghan ( Belorussian. “Afghan” , 1998 )
- Wolf Pit ( Belorussian. “The Pit” , 1998 )
- Swamp ( Belorussian. "Balota" , 2001 )
Stories, Scripts, Articles, Interviews
- On the path of life ( Belorussian. “On the Sczyazyn Zhytsya” , 1958 ) - a story
- Relay ( Belarusian. "Relay" , 1959 ) - story
- The commander ( Belorussian. "Palkavodzets" , 1960 ) - a story
- Horseback riding ( belor. “Canoeing” , 1960 ) - storybook
- Front page ( belorussian. "Frantavaya Staronka" , 1960 ) - story
- Own people ( belor. “Pile of people” , 1966 ) - a story
- At sunrise , ( belor. "On ўzykhodze of the sun" , 1975 ) - film script
- On the Cross ( Belarusian. “On the Roofs , 1992 ) - a collection of articles and interviews
- The Way of the Cross ( belor. “Kryzhov shlyah” , 1998 ) - collection of articles and interviews
- Walkers ( Belorussian. "Pahajane" , 1999 ) - a storybook
- The long road home ( belor. “Achieving the Road to the Dada” , 2002 ) - a collection of short stories
Screen versions and productions
Feature films
- The Third Rocket ( 1963 ) - based on the novel of the same name
- " Alpine Ballad " ( 1966 ) - according to the novel of the same name
- The Trap ( 1966 ) - according to the novel of the same name
- The Long Milestones of War ( 1975 ), 3 episodes
- “Crane Cry” - according to the story of the same name
- “Attack on the move” - according to the story of the same name
- "At Sunrise" - according to the film of the same name
- " Survive until dawn " ( 1975 ) - according to the story of the same name
- " Wolf Pack " ( 1975 ) - according to the novel of the same name
- " Obelisk " ( 1976 ) - according to the novel of the same name
- “ Ascent ” ( 1976 ) - according to the novel “ Sotnikov ”
- “ Fruza ” ( 1981 ) - based on the story “ On the Path of Life ”
- “ Sign of trouble ” ( 1985 ) - according to the novel of the same name
- " Kruglyansky bridge " ( 1989 ) - according to the novel of the same name
- " One Night " ( 1989 ) - according to the story of the same name
- " His Battalion " ( 1989 ), 2 episodes - based on the novel of the same name
- " Career " ( 1990 ) - according to the novel of the same name
- “ In the Fog ” ( 1992 ) - according to the novel of the same name
- “ To go and not to return ” ( 1992 ) - according to the story of the same name
- “ On the Black Pits ” ( 1995 ) - according to the stories “ On the Black Paws ”, “ Before the End ”
- “ Doomed to War ” ( 2008 ) - according to the novel “ Go and Do Not Return ”
- " Dugout " ( 2011 ) - according to the novel of the same name
- “ In the Fog ” ( 2012 ) - according to the novel of the same name
- “ Lieutenant ” ( 2015 ) - according to the story “ Live Until Dawn ” and the story Front page
- " People's Avengers " ( 2019 ) - according to the story of the same name
Musical works
- Ballet " Alpine Ballad " ( 1967 , composer Evgeny Glebov - based on the novel of the same name)
- Opera “ Path of Life ” ( 1980 , composer Heinrich Wagner - based on the novel “The Wolf Pack ”)
Rewards
- Hero of Socialist Labor ( 1984 )
- Order of Lenin (1984)
- Order of the Patriotic War 1 degree (1985)
- Order of Friendship of Peoples ( July 26, 1994 , Russia ) - for his great contribution to the development of modern literature and active social activity [14]
- Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1974)
- Order of the Red Star (1945)
- Medals, including:
- Medal "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945."
- Anniversary medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945."
- Anniversary medal "Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945."
- Anniversary medal “Forty years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.”
- Anniversary medal "50 years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945."
- Francis Scorina Medal (1994)
Prizes and honorary titles
- Lenin Prize (for the story "Sign of trouble"; 1986 )
- USSR State Prize (for the novels "Survive to Dawn" and "Obelisk"; 1974 )
- State Prize of the BSSR named after Yakub Kolas (for the novel "The Wolf Pack", "His Battalion"; 1978 )
- Literary Prize of the BSSR named after Yakub Kolas (for the novel "The Third Rocket"; 1964 )
- People's writer of Belarus ( 1980 )
Memory
- The name of the writer are streets in Grodno , Lelchitsy , Zhdanovichi , Smolevichi , Fanipol .
- On the building of the Vitebsk Children's Art School No. 1 (in this building from 1923 to 1941 there was the Vitebsk Art School , where Vasil Bykov studied from 1939 to 1940) a memorial plaque was installed.
- In 2014, a branch of the State Museum of the History of Belarusian Literature “ ” was opened in the dacha village of Zhdanovichi-6 [15] .
- In 2004, in the village of Bychki, in the writer's homeland, the estate-museum of Vasil Bykov was opened [16] [17] .
Documentation
- Vasil Bykov. Climbing Documentary. Director Victor Dashuk . Belarusfilm, TO "LETAPIS". 1985 50 minutes. [eighteen]
- Vasil Bykov. Requiem . Documentary from the cycle " Islands ". Written and directed by Sergey Golovetsky. Studio of documentary film screening of the State TV and Radio Company "Culture". 2009 Russia-Culture . 06/19/2019. 44 minutes
Notes
- ↑ Bykov, Vasil Vladimirovich // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ed. A. M. Prokhorov - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1969.
- ↑ 1 2 BNF identifier : Open Data Platform 2011.
- ↑ Find a Grave - 1995. - ed. size: 165000000
- ↑ LIBRIS - 2012.
- ↑ Vasil Vladimirovich Bykov on the website of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia.
- ↑ In some sources, er. Cherenovschina Vitebsk region
- ↑ Peter Tuzkov. “Vasil Bykov - a world-famous writer, could become a great young man” (October 23, 2008). Date of treatment August 11, 2011. Archived on August 27, 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 Vasil Bykov. Long way home. Excerpts from the book. From the Belarusian. Translation and introductory note by Natalya Igrunova // “ Friendship of Peoples ” 2003, No. 8.
- ↑ Igor Kuznetsov. Kurapaty: 20 years later // BelGazeta , 21 Cherven, 2008
- ↑ Lukashenka won’t win ў justly - Navat 1994 and 1995. Pisha Syarhei Navumchyk.
- ↑ Schreibman A. "Minsk Spring" - 20 years. The history of Belarus street protests in the infographics TUT , TUT.BY (March 24, 2016).
- ↑ Newspaper Vitebsky Prospekt, No. 25 (314) dated 06/19/08 (inaccessible link)
- ↑ The state left Bykov’s funeral (06/27/2003) (inaccessible link)
- ↑ Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 26, 1994 No. 1562 “On awarding Bykov V.V. with the Order of Friendship of Peoples”
- ↑ Vasil Bykov Museum opened near Minsk Archival copy of July 7, 2014 on the Wayback Machine // Belarusian Telegraph Agency .
- ↑ Blog of the cultural institution “Centralized System of State Public Libraries of Mogilev”
- ↑ Bulls remained in the shade
- ↑ ALPHABETIC CATALOG OF BELARUSIAN DOCUMENTARY I SCIENCES-POPULAR FILMЎ (belor.) (Doc). Museum of the History of Belarusian Cinema - cinema.museum.by. - “Vasil Bykov. Ascent (USSR, 1985), dir. Victor Dashuk, 50 min., B / w, DVD. " Date of treatment June 19, 2019. Archived July 22, 2014.
Literature
- Adamovich A. Vasil Bykaў = Vasil Bykov. - Minsk: Belarus , 1986.
- Bugayў, D. Ya . Bugayў. - Minsk: People's Asvet, 1987. - 206 p.
- Buran V. Vasil Bykaў. Narys creative work. - Minsk: Mastatskaya Literature, 1976.
- Gimpelevich Zina. Vasil Bykov: Book and Fate. - M .: New literary review , 2011. - ISBN 978-5-86793-853-6
- Dedkov I. Vasil Bykov. Essay on creativity. - M .: Soviet writer, 1980 .
- Lazarev L. Vasil Bykov. Essay on creativity. - M.: Fiction , 1979.
- Our Bullў: Kniga ўspamіnaў / way. G. Buraўkіn. - Minsk: Kniga, 2004. - ISBN 985-6060-13-6 (wrong)
- Shagalov A. Vasil Bykov. The story of the war. - M .: Fiction, 1989. - ISBN 5-280-00721-8
- Shapran Syargey. Vasіl Bykaў. Гісторыя жыцця ў documents, publications, submissions, lists. In 2 vols. - Minsk: Garodnya, 2009. - ISBN 978-83-61617-89-1 ; 978-83-61617-84-6
- Zina J. Gimpelevich. Vasil Bykau: His Life and Work. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press 2005. ISBN 0-7735-2900-4
Links
Bykov, Vasil Vladimirovich . Site " Heroes of the country ".
- Books by Vasil Bykov at knihi.com
- It’s not painful for the dead, it’s painful for the living. / Publication by A. Novikov, V. Telitsyn // “ Questions of literature ” 2004, No. 6.
- Vasil Bykov. The price of dignity. From the book of memoirs // " Friendship of Peoples " 2003, No. 1.
- Vasil Bykov. Long way home. Excerpts from the book. From the Belarusian. Translation and introductory note by Natalya Igrunova // “ Friendship of Peoples ” 2003, No. 8.
- Site about V. Bykov
- How Bykov became Bykov: what made him what he was - biography