American Airlines Flight 11 September 11, 2001 is a passenger flight that was captured during the September 11, 2001 attacks . He became the first aircraft involved in the attack. American Airlines' Boeing 767-223ER airliner operated an AAL11 daily intercontinental flight from Boston to Los Angeles when it was captured by terrorists. The plane attacked the north tower of the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York . The crash killed all 92 people on board the aircraft, and an unknown number of people who were in the tower and next to it.
| American Airlines Flight 011 | |
|---|---|
 Flight 11 Flight Scheme | |
| General information | |
| date of | September 11, 2001 |
| Time | 08:46 EST |
| Character | CFIT (collision with the north tower of the WTC) |
| Cause | Act of terrorism hijacking |
| A place |  World Trade Center ( New York , USA ) |
| Coordinates | |
| Dead | 92 (+ about 1600 on earth) |
| Aircraft | |
 Crashed plane 5 months before the attack | |
| Model | Boeing 767-223ER |
| Airline | American airlines |
| Departure point | Logan , Boston |
| Destination | Los Angeles |
| Flight | AAL11 |
| Board number | N334AA |
| Date of issue | April 7, 1987 (first flight) |
| Passengers | 81 (including 5 hijackers) |
| Crew | eleven |
| Dead | 92 (all, including 5 hijackers) |
| Survivors | 0 |
Fifteen minutes after takeoff, the invaders, injuring three passengers (perhaps one of them was killed), breaking a door into the cockpit and killing both pilots, captured the plane. Muhammad Atta , a member of the al-Qaeda Islamic terrorist organization and a licensed commercial pilot, took control of the Boeing. Air traffic controllers realized that flight 011 was in an unexpected position when the plane stopped responding. The capture was revealed when Atta was about to announce the hijacking to passengers. But instead of passengers, the information went to the air traffic control service in Boston. Flight attendants Madeline Amy Sweeney and Betty Ann Ong contacted American Airlines and reported on the aircraft invaders and casualties on board the liner.
The plane rammed the WTC North Tower at 08:46:40 EST . Thousands of people who were at that moment on the streets near the WTC became witnesses of the disaster. Several cameras filmed a Boeing hit. The most famous recording of this tragedy is the video of the French cinematographer Jules Node who went to make a documentary. Before it became clear that the airliner was hijacked, journalists called this incident an “ accident ." After ramming the aircraft, the tower caught fire and 102 minutes after the flight 011 hit, it crashed into neighboring areas, causing an unknown number of people to suffer. In the process of searching for the remains of people rescuers found the wreckage of AAL11 flight in the crash area of the liner. But most of the bodies of the dead were not found.
Content
- 1 Hijackers
- 2 Timeline of events
- 2.1 Aircraft, crew and passengers
- 2.2 Boarding Flight 011
- 2.3 Capture
- 2.4 Military response
- 2.5 Phone calls
- 3 Disaster
- 3.1 Victims
- 4 Consequences
- 4.1 Modern flight
- 5 In popular culture
- 6 notes
- 7 References
Hijackers
On board the aircraft were five hijackers [1] :
- Mohammed Atta ( Egypt ) is a hijacker leader and pilot.
- Walid Al-Shehri ( English Waleed Al-Shehri ) ( Saudi Arabia ).
- Wail Al-Shehri ( English Wail Al-Shehri ) (Saudi Arabia).
- Abdulaziz al-Omari ( English Abdulaziz Al-Omari ) (Saudi Arabia).
- Satam al-Suqami ( Eng.Satam Al-Suqami ) (Saudi Arabia).
Four of the hijackers were selected by the computer system for studying passengers CAPPS for additional inspection of baggage for explosives . Atta's baggage was checked back in Portland , the baggage of al-Sukami and both al-Shehri was selected for inspection in Boston . Everyone, except Valid (who flew without baggage), provided their baggage for additional verification. The choice of the CAPPS system did not cause additional checks of the hijackers themselves [2] .
Timeline
Aircraft, crew and passengers
The plane that made AAL11 flight that day was a Boeing 767-223ER (registration number N334AA, serial number 22332, serial 169). The first flight took place on April 7, 1987; on April 13 of the same year it was transferred to American Airlines . Equipped with two engines General Electric CF6-80A2 . On the day of the attack, he made 11,789 take-off and landing cycles and flew 58,350 hours.
The aircraft could accommodate 158 passengers, but that morning there were only 81 passengers and 11 crew members on board. Thus, the plane was only 58.2% full. This was more than the average occupancy rate of flight 011 (39%).
The crew of flight 011 was as follows:
- The aircraft commander is 52-year-old John Ogonowski .
- The co - pilot is 42-year-old Thomas McGuinness.
9 cabin crew worked in the cabin :
- Jeffrey Collman, 41, is a senior flight attendant,
- 38-year-old Barbara Arestegui ( born Barbara Arestegui ),
- 29-year-old Sarah Elizabeth Low
- 40-year-old Karen Martin
- 54-year-old Kathy Nicosia
- 45-year-old Betty Ann Ong
- 24-year-old Jean Roger
- 42-year-old Diane Snyder
- 35-year-old Madeline Amy Sweeney ( born Madeline Amy Sweeney ).
All 92 people on board (including 5 invaders) were killed, including David Angell (author and producer of the movie Fraser ), his wife Lynn, and actress Berry Berenson , the widow of Anthony Perkins . Actor and director Seth MacFarlane bought a flight ticket, but was late for the plane. Actor Mark Wahlberg was also on the passenger list, but at the last minute refused to fly to Los Angeles. Leyhann Littrell, the wife of Backstreet Boys singer Brian Littrell, followed suit.
Boarding Flight 011
The leader of the terrorist group Mohammed Atta and his assistant Abdulaziz al-Omari flew out at 05:41 on September 11, 2001 from the Portland International Jetport ( Portland (Maine) ) and flight 5930 of Colgan Air (scheduled departure time - 06:00) flew to Logan Airport (Boston). Both invaders flew in the first class; Atta registered two bags for this flight, al-Omari flew without baggage. When they checked in, the CAPPS system selected Atta to check his baggage, but nothing illegal was found there. At 06:45, after a 45-minute flight, Atta and al-Omari arrived in Boston. At the same time, 3 more invaders arrived at the airport: Valid al-Shekhri, Vail al-Shekhri and Satam al-Sukami. At 06:52, the pilot-invader of United Airlines flight 175 (which would later destroy the WTC’s south tower) Marwan Al-Shekhkhi (who was also at Logan Airport at that time) called from the telephone built into the airport and said that the attack plans were still valid.
Due to the fact that Atta and al-Omari arrived from another city, they did not check their luggage, and the invaders registered without interference. After check-in, airport employees forgot to load Muhammad Atta's luggage on board the Boeing. As-Sukami and both al-Shekhri checked their luggage (Wail al-Shekhri and al-Sukami checked in one bag each) and they checked in without any problems.
At 07:40, all five invaders took places on board the aircraft. Atta took 8D place in business class . Al-Omari (8F) and al-Sukami (10B) are also located in the business class. Both al-Shekhri took places 2A and 2B in the first class. Flight 011 was supposed to fly out at 07:45 a.m., but only a minute later from the schedule did the plane begin to move to the corridor, at 07:50 a.m. the plane taxied to the runway. At 07:59 a plane took off from Boston.
Capture
The September 11, 2001 Investigation Commission found that the hijacking began at 08:14 [3] , when the aircraft stopped responding. There is a possibility that Walid al-Shehri broke the door to the cockpit. At 08:13:29, when the airliner flew over central Massachusetts at an altitude of 26,000 feet (7,900 meters), the pilots made a 20 ° turn to the right and reported this to the Boston Air Route Traffic Control Center (Boston ARTCC ) At 08:13:47, ARTCC instructed the Boeing’s crew to gain cruising altitude (35,000 feet or 11,000 meters), but this command was not executed. At 08:16, the liner, at an altitude of 29,000 feet (8800 meters), went off course. ARTCC tried to contact the board, but all attempts failed. At 08:21, the transponder disconnected and flight 011 disappeared from the radar.
| 08:23:38 and 08:24:56 | |
The first and second messages of Muhammad Atta to passengers | |
| Playback help | |
At 08:23:38 Atta tried to make an announcement for passengers, but messed up the buttons and contacted the Boston Center [4] . Air traffic controllers received a message in which Atta said:
“We have several aircraft. Sit quietly and everything will be all right with you. We are returning to the airport . ”
Original text"We have some planes. Just stay quiet and you'll be OK We are returning to the airport."
At 08:24:56 the following program was received:
“Do not move anyone. Everything will be OK. If you try to move, you will endanger yourself and the plane. Sit quietly . "
Original text"Nobody move. Everything will be okay. If you try to make any moves, you'll endanger yourself and the airplane. Just stay quiet."
This time Atta also believed that only passengers heard him, but in fact it was received and recorded by air traffic controllers. At 08:26, approximately above Voorhensville ( NY ), the plane made a 100 ° turn south and headed toward New York [5] .
| 08:33:59 | |
Muhammad Atta's third message to passengers | |
| Playback help | |
At 8:33:59, Atta announced:
“Please do not move. We are heading to the airport. Do not be silly . "
Original text"Nobody move, please. We are going back to the airport. Don't try to make any stupid moves."
At 08:37:08, pilots of United Airlines flight 175, which was subsequently also captured, observed flight 011 and informed the dispatcher of his whereabouts and course. At 08:37:08 the airliner began to descend from 8800 meters (Fl290) with a vertical speed of 16 m / s and at 08:43 made a U-turn to Manhattan .
Military Reaction
After many unsuccessful attempts to contact the aircraft and receive the message “we have several aircraft” , the dispatcher decided that the aircraft was hijacked. He notified his immediate supervisor, who, in turn, informed management that the hijacked plane was being sent to the New York Center's area of responsibility. At 08:32, the FAA Herndon Center reported the hijacked aircraft to the FAA headquarters [3] .
At 08:37:52, the Boston Center, ignoring the protocol adopted, contacted the North-Eastern Sector (NEADS) of the North American Continent Air Defense Command ( NORAD ) in the city of Rome (New York) [3] . NEADS on alert raised two F-15 fighters from Otis Air Force Base to intercept flight 011. The fighters took off at 08:53, 7 minutes after flight 011 crashed into the WTC’s north tower.
Since the 011 radar transponder was turned off, the fighter pilots did not know about its direction and course to intercept. They spent several minutes at NEADS waiting for flight 011 to appear on their radars. NORAD received a warning about hijacking a liner nine minutes before the crash [6] .
Phone Calls
Original text "We are in rapid descent ... we are all over the place. Oh, my God, we are too low!" | ||||||
Flight attendants Madeline Amy Sweeney and Betty Ann Ong were able to contact the American Airlines base. They reported that stab flight attendant Barbara Arestega, flight attendant Karen Martin and a passenger ( Daniel Levin ) were stabbed. Levin previously served in the elite Israeli unit of Sayeret Matkal . It is not known whether the hijackers attacked him because he was an Israeli , or it was a coincidence. In 2002, the FAA reported that Levin was probably killed by Satam al-Sukami (who took his place immediately after him) when Levin tried to counter the hijackers [8] . Betty shared some details with the American Airlines operations center. During a four-minute call, she said that communication with the cockpit was interrupted, access to the cockpit was blocked, and one of the passengers was wounded [9] . She also reported what places the hijackers occupied, which later allowed them to be identified [10] .
OK, my name is Betty Ong. I [steward] No. 3 on Flight 11. Our No. 1 was stabbed with a knife. Our eldest also received stab wounds. Nobody knows who does this, and we can't even get into business class, because no one can breathe. And we cannot go to the door to the cockpit, as it does not open .
Original text"Okay, my name is Betty Ong. I'm [Flight Attendant] Number 3 on Flight 11. Our Number 1 got stabbed. Our purser is stabbed. Nobody knows who stabbed who and we can't even get up to business class right now because nobody can breathe. And we can't get to the cockpit, the door won't open ".- Betty Ong
Holocaust
At 08:46:40 EST [12] , AAL11 flight (operated by Muhammad Atta) at a speed of 404 knots (465 mph, 748 km / h) crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Center (WTC 1). With 38,000 liters (10,000 US gallons) of fuel on board, the liner struck the sector between the 93rd and 99th floors [13] .
The crash of the flight American Airlines-011 was the first that day. All aboard 11 crew members and 76 passengers were killed. Since the tragedy took place in the very center of one of the largest megacities, a lot of people became witnesses of the disaster, many were even able to shoot it on photo and video cameras. FDNY Lieutenant William Walsh (who starred in the 9/11 documentary) said [14] :
We were amazed - we saw that it was declining, but at the same time did not make sounds indicating malfunctions. We could not understand why the American Airlines plane flies so low over Manhattan. We thought he would land on the Hudson . But suddenly the plane leveled off and headed straight towards the WTC. For a few moments before the collision, it seemed to us that the plane would begin to gain altitude. We had no choice but to observe the further movements of the aircraft. And then, boom! The plane disappears in the mall .
Original text"We were under the impression - he looked like he was going down, but we didn't hear any mechanical difficulty. We couldn't figure out why an American Airlines plane would be so low in downtown Manhattan. We sort of expected him to veer off and go into the Hudson. But he just rose a little bit, his altitude, leveled off, and he was headed straight for the Trade Center. So just before he got to the Trade Center, it seemed as though he gained power. We were just watching this airplane on target for the World Trade Center. All of a sudden, boom! He disappears into the Trade Center. "
The first news about the disaster appeared on television already at 08:48:
Yes. It's true. You are watching an extremely disturbing live broadcast. This is the World Trade Center, and according to unconfirmed reports, this morning an airplane crashed into one of the towers of the Shopping Center. The CNN Center has right now begun work on this event, we have called all our sources and are trying to find out what is happening there, but definitely something terrible happened this morning at the southern tip of Manhattan Island. And again, you are looking at the World Trade Center .
Original textYeah. This just in. You are looking at obviously a very disturbing live shot there. That is the World Trade Center , and we have unconfirmed reports this morning that a plane has crashed into one of the towers of the World Trade Center. CNN Center right now is just beginning to work on this story, obviously calling our sources and trying to figure out exactly what happened, but clearly something relatively devastating happening this morning there on the south end of the island of Manhattan. That is once again, a picture of one of the towers of the World Trade Center.- Carol Lin, CNN, 08:50 [15]
Later, after a call to the studio from CNN Vice President Sean Merth, it became known that a passenger plane had hit the WTC tower. Due to this event, all regular television broadcasts were canceled. At the time Flight 011 hit the WTC’s north tower , US President George W. Bush was at Emma Booker Elementary School in ( Sarasota , Florida ). Until 17 minutes later, a 175 United Airlines flight crashed into the WTC’s south tower, most news outlets called it a plane crash.
The French cinematographer Jules Node and the Czech immigrant Pavel Hlava, independently from each other, accidentally videotaped how flight 011 crashed into the north tower [16] . The webcam , installed by Wolfgang Steel at an exhibition in Brooklyn and taking one frame in four seconds, also captured this event [17] .
Victims
Destruction caused by an airplane strike blocked all evacuation routes from the affected area of the building and the floors above. All stairs and elevator shafts located above 92 floors were destroyed (in contrast to the south tower, into which the plane hit at an angle, and where one staircase continued to operate) [18] . 1366 people died on floors in the area and above the aircraft hit zone [18] . According to the 9/11 Commission, hundreds died immediately at the time of the impact [19] , while the rest, locked up on the upper floors, died from fire and smoke, or at the time of the destruction of the building. Some jumped out of the windows.
Consequences
After getting into flight 011, the tower caught fire and 102 minutes after that (at 10:28) it collapsed. Although the aircraft hit did damage, burning fuel played a major role in the destruction. It leaked into the building and caught fire [21] [22] [23] . During the destruction of the tower, hundreds of workers of the rescue team who saved the living people in the building were killed [24] .
As a result of the strike, 92 people died on board and 1366 in the tower itself. Most employees (658) lost Cantor Fitzgerald located on the 101-105 floors of the building [25] .
As a result of the disaster, the following offices were destroyed:
Note: The floors marked in red were in the strike zone of the aircraft. Floors marked in gray . turned out to be cut off from other floors, as the plane destroyed all the stairs and elevator shafts.
| Fl # | Companies |
|---|---|
| 110 | Channel 2 (WCBS) , Channel 4 (WNBC) Channel 5 (WNYW) , Channel 7 (WABC) , Channel 9 (WWOR) , Channel 11 (WPIX) , Channel 13 (WNET) , Channel 31 (WPXN) , Channel 47 ( WNJU) , WKCR-FM , WPAT-FM , WNYC-FM , WKTU-FM |
| 109 | Mechanical floor |
| 108 | Mechanical floor |
| 107 | World Trade Club , Greatest Bar on Earth , Cointreau , Hotel and Restaurant Employees International |
| 106 | Windows on the World , Hotel and Restaurant Employees International , Pfizer Inc. Reuters |
| 105 | Cantor Fitzgerald , ESpeed , Genuity |
| 104 | Cantor Fitzgerald , Channel 4 (WNBC) , ESpeed , UmeVoice |
| 103 | Cantor Fitzgerald , ESpeed |
| 102 | Cantor Fitzgerald , Nishinippon Bank , Alliance Consulting Group , Paine Webber |
| 101 | Cantor Fitzgerald , Kidder, Peabody & Co. , ESpeed , Boomer Esiason Foundation |
| one hundred | Marsh & McLennan Companies |
| 99 | Marsh & McLennan Companies |
| 98 | Marsh & McLennan Companies |
| 97 | Marsh & McLennan Companies |
| 96 | Marsh & McLennan Companies , Colgate-Palmolive |
| 95 | Marsh & McLennan Companies , Ford |
| 94 | Marsh & McLennan Companies , Marsh Private Client Services |
| 93 | Marsh & McLennan Companies , Fred Alger Management |
| 92 | Credit Agricole , Carr Futures |
| 91 | American Bureau of Shipping , Meyers Pollok Robbins , New Japan Securities International , Shiga Bank |
| 90 | American TCC International Group , Chugoku Bank , Dun & Bradstreet (UB) |
| 89 | Barcley Dwyer , CIIC Group (USA) , Daehan International , Drinker Biddle & Reath , Metropolitan Life Insurance Company , Mutual International Forwarding , Strategic Communications Group , Wai Gao Qiao USA , Wall Street Planning Association , Banco Latino American de Exportaciones Sud America (UB), Italian Wine & Food Institute , Jun He Law Offices (UB), Majestic Star Yacht Chartering , Tokyo Securities Company , Cosmos Services America, Inc. [26] |
| 88 | Julien J. Studley , Viking Sea Freight , WTC Construction Manager |
| 87 | May Davis Group , Bank of Kinki , Okasan Securities (UB), Thor Technologies |
| 86 | Julien J. Studley , Alan Anthony (UB), Asiatic Chemical , Society of Satellite Professionals International , Trading Technologies |
| 85 | SMW Trading Corporation , Thermo Electron , Chicago Investment Group , Hyakugo Bank , Ohrenstein & Brown |
| 84 | Bright China Capital , David Peterson Law Offices , KITC, LG Securities America , San-In Godo Bank , TEMENOS USA , Unicom Capital Advisors , Blue Star Line North America , Daehan Investment Trust Company , Fukuoka City Bank |
| 83 | eMeritus Communications , General Telecommunications , Global Crossing Holdings , Lava Trading , Taipei Bank , Ameson Education and Culture Exchange Foundation ( UB ), Toho Bank , TTA , Wako Securities America |
| 82 | New York Metropolitan Transportation Council (CS), DMJM Harris |
| 81 | Bank of America , Network Plus , New Continental Enterprises , Blue Star Line North America (? UB), Network Plus Corporation |
| 80 | Agricor Commodities Corporation , Intrust Investment Realty , Noga Commodities Overseas , Shizuoka Bank , The Beast.com , RLI Insurance Company , Bank of Yokohama , Noga Hotels New York , Zenshinren Bank |
| 79 | Daynard & Van Thunen Company , First Liberty Investment Group , International Office Centers Corporation / Alliance Business Centers Network ( notes ), Nikko Securities , Okato Shoji Company International , Securant Technologies , Iyo Bank , Association of Independent Recruiters |
| 78 | Sky lobby , Avenir, Baltic Oil Corporation , Cedar Capital Management Associates , Cheng Cheng Enterprises Holdings , Geiger & Geiger , Hyundai Securities (America) , International Trade Center , Korea Local Authorities Foundation for International Relations , Meridian Ventures Holdings , Pacrim Trading & Shipping , ThinkPath , Traders Access Center , Atinav Avenue , Korea Local Government Center , Partner Reinsurance Company , Thai Farmers Bank ( UB ), Verona Fair Organization US Representative |
| 77 | Hal Roth Agency , Jun He Law Offices (CS), Martin Progressive , Newey International Corporation , World Trade Centers Association , Alliance Continuing Care Network , Kühne & Nagel , Partner Reinsurance Company |
| 76 | Mechanical floor |
| 75 | Mechanical floor |
| 74 | Morgan stanley |
| 73 | Morgan stanley |
| 72 | Morgan stanley |
| 71 | Morgan stanley |
| 70 | Morgan stanley |
| 69 | Morgan stanley |
| 68 | Morgan stanley |
| 67 | Morgan stanley |
| 66 | Morgan Stanley , FMC Corporation techical Services |
| 65 | Boeing Aviation Technical Services , Newark Liberty International Airport , Morgan Stanley |
| 64 | Morgan Stanley |
| 63 | Airport Access Program , Morgan Stanley |
| 62 | CARR Futures (?UB), Morgan Stanley |
| 61 | Access to the Region's Core (ARC) , Morgan Stanley |
| 60 | Asahi Bank , Morgan Stanley |
| 59 | Sidley Austin Brown & Wood (legacy offices of merger partner Brown & Wood ), Morgan Stanley |
| 58 | Sidley Austin Brown & Wood |
| 57 | Sidley Austin Brown & Wood |
| 56 | Sidley Austin Brown & Wood |
| 55 | Pace University , World Trade Institute of Pace University, Benchmark Hospitality at Pace University (now Downtown Conference Center at Pace University ) |
| 54 | Sidley Austin Brown & Wood |
| 53 | AIG Aviation Brokerage , Bank of Taiwan , Bramax Manufacturing Corporation (CS) China Resource Products USA , Keenan, Powers & Andrews , Lo, Curto & Funk , Natural Nydegger Transport Corporation , Pacrim Trading & Shipping , Pure Energy Corporation , Broadview Networks , French Embassy Financial Services , JACOM Corporation , TripleHop Technologies |
| 52 | Gayer, Shyu & Wiesel , Hill, Betts & Nash , Howly (US) Corporation , Leeds & Morrelli , Okasan International (American) (CS), RGL Gallagher PC , Richard A. Zimmerman , TEMENOS USA , Williams Capital Group , Bramax Manufacturing Corporation (?UB), IFG East , Elevator Hall |
| 51 | AT&T Corporation , C&P Press , Chilean Government Trade Bureau , Chilean National Petroleum Company , Chilean Production Promotion Center , Chilean Trading Corporation , TradeWeb |
| fifty | Dai-Ichi Kangyo Trust Company of New York , DKB Securities Corporation |
| 49 | Dai-Ichi Kangyo Trust Company of New York , Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank , Overseas Union Bank (?UB), Pacific American Corporation (UB) |
| 48 | Dai-Ichi Kangyo Trust Company of New York , Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank (?UB) |
| 47 | Pacific American Corporation (CS), American TCC International Group (?UB), GZ Stephens , National Futures Association , Quint Amasis , WJ Export-Import , Adjusters International , Clear Forest Corporation |
| 46 | American Sino Trade Development Council , Auto Imperial Company , Blue Sky Technologies , Can-Achieve Consultants , Consolidated Steelex Corporation , Dahao USA Corporation , J&X Tans Trading Corporation International , Kanebo Information Systems Corporation , Meganet Management Consultants , Prospect International , Sinopec USA (CS), Suggested Open Systems , SunTendy America , T&T Enterprises International , Yong Ren America , American Freight Liners , Arab Chamber of Commerce , Bank of Yokohama , Charles Pan , China Chamber of Commerce , Computer Troubleshooters Metro NY/NJ , H. Taufiq Choudhury, Esq. , LatinVision , Lief International USA (UB), Shipping Services Italia , Sumitomo Bank , View Trade |
| 45 | American Lota International , China Construction America , Dunavant Commodity Corporation , Employee Merit , Fertitta Enterprises , Martin A. Katz, CPA , Pure Energy Corporation , Sassoons Inc , Security Traders Association , Software Research Associates America , Streamline Capital , The Company Store , BAO Hercules , Bramax Manufacturing Corporation (UB), Ching Fong Investment Company New York , Cousin D&N , FE Wallace & Co. , HS Futures , Hyundai Securities Company , Johnson Enterprises ( ?UB ) , S. Stern Custom Brokers |
| 44 | Sky lobby , New York Society of Security Analysts , Market Technicians Association |
| 43 | - |
| 42 | Механический этаж |
| 41 | Механический этаж |
| 40 | Lehman Brothers , Commerzbank Capital Markets |
| 39 | Lehman Brothers , Cultural Institutions Retirement Systems , Overseas Union Bank , Xcel Federal Credit Union , Tai Fook Securities , Circle International , Northern Trust International Banking Corporation (UB), Sun Hung Kai Securities |
| 38 | Lehman Brothers , Regional Alliance for Small Contractors , Turner Construction Company |
| 37 | Commodity Futures Trading Commission , Government of Thailand , S. Stern Custom Brokers (?UB), Thai Trade Center , Thai Board of Investment , Thai Office of the Economic Counselor |
| 36 | Kemper Insurance Companies |
| 35 | Kemper Insurance Companies , Anne Pope Law Offices |
| 34 | Royal Thai Embassy Office (UB), Port Commerce Department, Port Authority , Thailand Tourism Authority |
| 33 | Berel & Mullen , China Daily Distribution Corporation , Data Transmission Network Corporation , Hu Tong International Company , Koudis International (CS), MANAA Trading Group , MIS Service Company , Rachel & Associates , Serko & Simon , Golden King , American Bright Signs , China United Trading Corporation , Excel Shipping , Korean Associates Securities , Lunham & Reeve , Rohde & Liesenfeld (?UB) |
| 32 | Banco LatinoAmericano de Exportaciones (BLADEX) (CS), Chang Hwa Commercial Bank , Rohde & Liesenfeld , Cantor Fitzgerald International (UB), Koudis International (?UB) |
| 31 | Port Authority of New York and New Jersey , EmpireBlue |
| thirty | - |
| 29th | China Patent and Trademark Agent USA , World Travel , Seth Shipping Corporation , Taipei Bank (?UB), ZimAmerican Israeli Shipping Company (UB) |
| 28 | Port Authority of New York and New Jersey , EmpireBlue |
| 27 | Bangkok Metropolitan Bank , EmpireBlue , Sinopec USA (UB) |
| 26 | Garban Intercapital |
| 25 | Garban Intercapital , RH Wrightson & Associates , Cote d'Ivoire Embassy Commercial Counselor , EXCO USA International , Harold I. Pepper Company |
| 24 | Empire Health Choice , Port Authority of New York and New Jersey , Dominican Republic Export Promotion Center , Electric Paper , RN Forwarding |
| 23 | Empire Health Choice |
| 22 | Cheng Xiang Trading USA , Chicago Board Options Exchange Corporation , GC Services , Gold Sky , Kaiser Overseas , Karoon Capital Management , MLU Investment , P. Wolfe Consultants , Tai Fook Securities , The SCPIE Companies , Unicom Capital Advisors , AMROC International Company , Central Trust of China , China Steel Company , New York Metropolitan Transportation Council (UB), SySoft e-Business Lab , Security Command Center |
| 21 | Avesta Computer Services , Continental Logistics , Dongwon Securities Company , Dr. Tadasu Tokumaru, MD , Friends Ivory & Sime , Friends Villas Fischer Trust , Infotech Commercial Systems , Roman V. Popik Law Offices , Lief International (CS), Tower Computer Services , United Seamen's Service (USS-AMMLA) , 1 Stop Investment Advice , Brauner International Corporation , Cat Technology , International Cobal , JD Smith Customs Broker , Marc Commodities , Regional Alliance for Small Contractors (?UB), United Hercules (UB) |
| twenty | Empire Health Choice , Rohde & Liesenfeld |
| 19 | Empire Health Choice , Port Authority of New York and New Jersey , Adams McFarlane LLC (NexxtHealth) , Excel Shipping , HZ Bernstein Air Freight , Leading Forwarders |
| eighteen | Neovest |
| 17 | ZimAmerican Israeli Shipping Company (CS), Empire Health Choice , ABC International , Masterpiece International , Nippon Express USA |
| 16 | ZimAmerican Israeli Shipping Company (CS), California Bank & Trust , Ramon International Insurance Brokers (ZimAmerican) , Seven Star Lines |
| fifteen | Landmark Education Corporation , Continental Forwarding , Gringsby Brandford & Co. , HW Robinson & Co. , John F. Kilroy |
| fourteen | Instinet , Dun & Bradstreet (CS), Port Authority of New York and New Jersey , Aeolian Shipping Company , C. Allen & Co. , Hirshbach & Smith , S. Stern CHB , VanderGrift Forwarding |
| 13 | Instinet |
| 12 | Lafayette Shipping Company |
| eleven | Bank of America , Porcella Vicini & Co. , Primark Decision Economics , DRI-WEFA , Frederick Henjes , Raymond James & Associates , Tes USA (UB) |
| 10 | Bank of America , Export Import Service , Hauser Air Corporation |
| 9 | Bank of America , Foreign Credit Insurance Association |
| 8 | Механический этаж |
| 7 | Механический этаж |
| 6 | - |
| 5 | Gayer, Shyu & Wiesel |
| four | - |
| 3 | Port Authority of New York and New Jersey , WR Hambrecht |
| 2 | - |
| L | Avis , Delta Air Lines , Olympia Airport Express |
| C | Ann Taylor Loft , NY Coffee Station , Strawberry, Menchanko-Teikeionos |
Поисковые работы начались через несколько дней после теракта. Стало известно, что террористы использовали пластиковые наручники для сдерживания пассажиров на местах [27] [28] . В течение года были опознаны останки 33 погибших [29] . К 2006 году были определены останки ещё 2 жертв рейса 011, в том числе и стюардессы Карен Мартин, обнаруженных в Граунд-Зиро (зоне разрушения ВТЦ) [30] [31] . В апреле 2007 года новая технология по распознаванию ( ДНК ) определила останки ещё одного погибшего. Тела двух захватчиков рейса 011 были также найдены в Граунд-Зиро [32] .
В авиакатастрофе сохранился пропитанный топливом паспорт Сатама ас-Суками. Его нашёл прохожий, который отдал документ в Департамент полиции Нью-Йорка (NYPD) [33] [34] . Забытый в аэропорту Логан багаж Мухаммеда Атты был вскрыт, и в нём были обнаружены:
- паспорт аль-Омари,
- водительское удостоверение того же аль-Омари,
- видеокассета для авиасимулятора на Boeing 757 ,
- складной нож,
- перцовый аэрозоль.
Несколько месяцев спустя лидер «Аль-Каиды» Усама бен Ладен взял всю ответственность за теракты на себя. Бен Ладен признался, что не ожидал полного разрушения ВТЦ [35] .
Бортовые самописцы рейса 011 так и не были найдены [36] .
Современный рейс
Номер рейса был изменён, и теперь по этому маршруту в это же время летает рейс AAL25 (совершает его лайнер Boeing 737—800). Над выходом B32, от которого отправился в свой последний полёт рейс 011, установлен американский флаг [37] .
В массовой культуре
События того дня описаны во втором эпизоде документального сериала « Час Икс ».
Notes
- ↑ National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (2004). «Chapter 7» , 9-11 Commission Report. Government Printing Office.
- ↑ The Aviation Security System and the 9/11 Attacks - Staff Statement No. 3 . 9/11 Commission. Дата обращения 12 февраля 2008. Архивировано 4 марта 2012 года.
- ↑ 1 2 3 9/11 Commission Report (Chapter 1) (июль 2004). Дата обращения 12 февраля 2008. Архивировано 26 августа 2011 года.
- ↑ United States Attorney's Office. USA v. Zacaria Moussaoui - Trial Testimony by David Raskin . cryptome.org (7 марта 2006). Дата обращения 11 февраля 2011. Архивировано 4 марта 2012 года.
- ↑ Flight 11 NTSB Report
- ↑ Thomas Kean, Lee Hamilton. The Story in the Sky // Without Precedent. — Alfred A. Knopf , 2006. — P. 263. — ISBN 978-0-307-26377-3 .
- ↑ Gero, David. Aviation Disasters, The world's major civil airliner crash since 1950. — The History Press, 2009. — P. 326. — ISBN 978-0-7524-5039-1 .
- ↑ UPI hears... (англ.) . UPI (6 March 2002). Дата обращения 11 февраля 2011. Архивировано 4 марта 2012 года.
- ↑ Transcript of opening remarks before 9/11 Commission hearing recording from Commission web page . Sept112001.org . Дата обращения 28 июля 2007. Архивировано 4 марта 2012 года.
- ↑ List of facts from transcriptspage . Sept112001.org . Дата обращения 28 июля 2007. Архивировано 4 марта 2012 года.
- ↑ Hamburger, Ronald; Baker, William. World Trade Center Building Performance Study (неопр.) // FEMA. — New York, New York: Federal Emergency Management Agency , 2002. — May ( т. 403 ). — С. 19 . Архивировано 27 мая 2008 года.
- ↑ McAllister, TP; Gann, RG; Averill, JD; Gross, JL; Grosshandler, WL; Lawson, JR; McGrattan, KB; Pitts, WM; Prasad, KR; Sadek, FH; Nelson, HE Structural Fire Response and Probable Collapse Sequence of World Trade Center Building 7 (Volume 1). Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster (NIST NCSTAR 1–9) . — National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), August 2008. — P. 1–8.
- ↑ NIST NCSTAR1-5: Reconstruction of the Fires in the World Trade Center Towers (PDF). National Institute of Standards and Technology (октябрь 2005). Дата обращения 25 мая 2008. Архивировано 30 мая 2008 года.
- ↑ World Trade Center Task Force Interview – Lieutenant William Walsh (PDF), The New York Times (11 января 2002). Архивировано 30 мая 2008 года. Дата обращения 28 мая 2008.
- ↑ Terrorist Attack on United States (Transcript) (англ.) . CNN (11 September 2001). Дата обращения 11 февраля 2011. Архивировано 4 марта 2012 года.
- ↑ [1] Архивная копия от 10 марта 2007 на Wayback Machine
- ↑ Staehle, Wolfgang. Rare Scenes from 9/11 (недоступная ссылка) . Vanity Fair. Дата обращения 11 февраля 2011. Архивировано 4 марта 2012 года.
- ↑ 1 2 Dwyer, Jim . 102 Minutes: Last Words at the Trade Center; Fighting to Live as the Towers Die , The New York Times (26 мая 2002). Архивировано 14 ноября 2013 года. Дата обращения 23 мая 2008.
- ↑ HEROISM AND HORROR . National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States (20 сентября 2004). Дата обращения 11 февраля 2011. Архивировано 4 марта 2012 года.
- ↑ North Pool: Panel N-74 – John A. Ogonowski (недоступная ссылка) . National September 11 Memorial & Museum . Дата обращения 11 декабря 2011. Архивировано 27 июля 2013 года.
- ↑ National Construction Safety Team. Executive Summary // Final Report on the Collapse of the World Trade Center Towers . — United States Department of Commerce, September 2005.
- ↑ Miller, Bill . Report Assesses Trade Center's Collapse , The Washington Post (1 мая 2002). Архивировано 24 мая 2012 года. Дата обращения 12 июня 2008.
- ↑ Williams, Timothy . Report on Trade Center Collapses Emphasizes Damage to Fireproofing , The New York Times (5 апреля 2005). Архивировано 7 января 2012 года. Дата обращения 12 июня 2008.
- ↑ Police back on day-to-day beat after 9/11 nightmare , CNN (21 июля 2002). Архивировано 17 мая 2008 года. Дата обращения 23 мая 2008.
- ↑ Cantor rebuilds after 9/11 losses , BBC (4 сентября 2006). Архивировано 6 апреля 2008 года. Дата обращения 20 мая 2008.
- ↑ THE PORT AUTHORITY TAPES: OVERVIEW; Fresh Glimpse in 9/11 Files Of the Struggles for Survival — New York Times
- ↑ Sachs, Susan . After the Attacks: The Trade Center; Heart-Rending Discoveries as Digging Continues in Lower Manhattan , The New York Times (15 сентября 2001). Archived December 25, 2013. Дата обращения 24 мая 2008.
- ↑ Gardiner, Sean. Hijackers May Have Used Handcuffs . AM New York (15 сентября 2001). Дата обращения 24 мая 2008. Архивировано 27 марта 2007 года.
- ↑ O'Shaughnessy, Patrice . More Than Half Of Victims Id'd , Daily News (11 сентября 2002). Архивировано 25 августа 2009 года. Дата обращения 24 мая 2008.
- ↑ Brubaker, Bill . Remains of Three 9/11 Victims Identified , The Washington Post (2 ноября 2006). Дата обращения 24 мая 2008.
- ↑ Holusha, John . 3 Trade Center Victims Identified by DNA , The New York Times (2 ноября 2006). Дата обращения 24 мая 2008.
- ↑ Gaskell, Stephanie . 9/11 Plane Passenger Id'd , New York Post (11 апреля 2007). Архивировано 24 октября 2012 года. Дата обращения 12 сентября 2011.
- ↑ Chronology // Monograph on 9/11 and Terrorist Travel . — National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. — P. 40.
- ↑ Hijackers Timeline (PDF). Federal Bureau of Investigation / 911myths.com. Дата обращения 26 мая 2008. Архивировано 30 мая 2008 года.
- ↑ Transcript of Bin Laden videotape . National Public Radio (13 декабря 2001). Дата обращения 24 мая 2008. Архивировано 12 мая 2008 года.
- ↑ 9-11 Commission Report – Notes . National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (2004). Дата обращения 24 мая 2008. Архивировано 30 мая 2008 года.
- ↑ Ellen Barry, Mac Daniel. Logan Airport bears memory of its fateful role with silence (англ.) . The Boston Globe (12 September 2002). Дата обращения 11 февраля 2011.
Links
- Описание теракта на Aviaiton Safety Network
- 9-11 NTSB Report
- American Airlines Flight 11 manifest
- Снимок борта N334AA до 11 сентября
- September 11 , 2001 archive of American Airlines site explaining that all aircraft are accounted for [2]
- 12 сентября , 2001 archive of American Airlines site with condolences for deceased [3]
- Жертвы рейса AAL11