Yurmats

• YURMATY (patrimonial units: ay-bash, ayu, ayusy, bikey, bikkinin, bish-uyle, aznabay, buskun, burzyan, bepe, ilsegul, irale, isyanbird, yumak, keze, kazak-kul, Kalmak, kara-bilgau , hag, kashkaymak, kush, kuzgun, kultai, kusaypei, kudey, kuyan, kesim, mayryk, mustafa, mullakai, musa, saldy, silver, sibek, suvash-ai, setei, tabyn, basin, turnna, tubay, tyzym, uraka , Uzbek, hut, shurale, shymtyr, yuldash, yuliy, yurmaty, yakshembet )
• KARMYSH (MAKAR) (patrimonial units: Aitkul, Akkubyak, Abyz, Bikzyan, Ibra, Kadush, Kusyar, Kara-Tuyak, Kabyrga, Kalmak, Kilmysh, Moksha, Sadze, Saz, Siksyantoyak, Tungatar, Sarkai, Etems )
• MISHAR YURMATY (patrimonial units: mahar, sune, bakai )
• NOGAI-YURMATY (patrimonial units: arlar, yuannar, yeyen, mugash )
• TALTIM (patrimonial units: Aznay, Ait, Ayu, Bashkir, Bishkadak, Burzyan, Gabzalil, Daut, ilsektimer, Ishmurat, Elembet, Kainau, Kalmak, Kanykai, Kara, Karmysh, Kassym, Kuzgun, Kyzylbash, Kelyyu, Min, , Usen, Saran, Turdakyn, Husain, Hala Bash, Shakir, Sheker, Aitkul, Yuldashbai, Yurmaty, Yarylkap, Yaugild )
• TATIGAS (patrimonial units: Aytugan, Alatube, Kalmak, Kortlas, Meretek, Sure, Selesh, Setei, Tabildy, Teyeldek )

Salishevs (Seles), Isyanovs (Isen), and others.

The city of Ishimbay , Bala Chetyrman ( Fedorovsky district ), the village of Sterlibash (Sterlibashevsky district), and others.

Some of the tested yurmats turned out to belong to the haplogroup R1b (M269). One third turned out to belong to haplogroup R1a subclade S23592. Akberdins belong to the Y-chromosome haplogroup I1- L22, Satuchins belong to the Y-chromosome haplogroup I2 ; the other part of the tested yurmats turned out to belong to the Y-chromosome haplogroups R1a + Z280 ^[1] and N ^[2] .

Oran (battle cry): aҡtaylaҡ (sacred teddy bear). Holy tree: : йәңке ( vetla ). Sacred bird: әтәлге (female gyrfalcon).

The ethnonym of the tribe is identified with the ancient Hungarian ethnonym Hung. Gyarmat ( Guarmat ), which was part of the Azov and Danube Bulgarians. The anthroponym in the form of 'Jurmatei' is also known among the Chuvash .

The Yurmats are probably the descendants of the ancient Sarmatians assimilated by the Turks ^[3] , who survived the stage of ethnic interaction and mixing with the Ugrians and resettled with the Bulgars from the Sea of Azov to the Volga .

Yurmatians belong to the early (Bulgar-Ugric) ethnic layer of the Bashkir people, formed on the basis of a mixture of the Turkic and Ugric (ancient Magyar) population in the territory of the emerging Volga Bulgaria and adjacent regions ^[4] .

In the XIII - XIV centuries, the Yurmatians wandered between the rivers Zaya and Sheshma , and at the end of the XIV century they crossed to the right bank of the Kama . In the 15th century they obeyed the Nogai Horde . The leader of the Yurmatians, Burnak-biy , opposed their departure of the Yurmatians along with the Nogais to the Kuban River ^[5] . But still part of the tribe, under pressure from the Nogais, was forced to relocate with them.

In the XIII-XIV centuries, the territory of the settlement of the tribe was located along the rivers Stepnaya Zai and Sheshma . In the 15th century, the majority of Yurmatians migrated to the southeast, where they settled on lands in the Belaya River basin (Agidel) : in the valleys of the Ashkadar , Zigan , Kuganak , Seleuk , Sterlya , Sukhaylya , Tayruk rivers, on the right bank of the Nugush River and on the left bank of the Urshak River .

In the XVII century, part of the Yurmata tribe moved to the upper reaches of the Small Uran and Tok rivers.

After the accession of Bashkortostan to the Russian state, the patrimonial lands of the tribe formed the Yurmatinsky volost of the Nogai road .

By the 18th century, the lands of the Yurmatians bordered on the territories of resettlement of such Bashkir tribes as the Burzyans , Kipsak and Tamyan . According to P.I. Rychkov , in the middle of the 18th century there were 521 yards in the Yurmatinsky volost.

At the end of the XVIII-XIX centuries. The territory of settlement of the Yurmatians was administratively part of the Orenburg and Sterlitamak counties, and during the canton management system in the 7th and 9th Bashkir cantons.

Nowadays, the territory of settlement of the Yurmatian tribe is included in the Gafuri , Ishimbaysky , Meleuzovsky , Sterlibashevsky , Sterlitamaksky and Fedorovsky districts of Bashkortostan , Belyaevsky , Krasnogvardeisky and Novosergievsky districts of the Orenburg region , Perelyubsky district of the Saratov region .

The original version of the Shezhere on the Türks was recorded in the second half of the 16th century under the dictation of the leader of the Jurmatians Tatigas-biya Mullah Bakiy, after the death of the biy the manuscript was handed over to Aznay-biya , Karmysh and Ilsektimer (Ilchikey Timer) for storage. Shezhere tells about events that to one degree or another related to the entire territory of Southern Bashkortostan, and also contains information on the social structure, ethnic history, internal organization of the Yurmatian tribe.

Two lists of the XIXth - early are preserved. XX centuries: one was published in the journal Bashkort Aymagi in 1927 by S. G. Mryasov ; the second option is included in the collection of R. G. Kuzeev “Bashkir Shezhere” (1960). The manuscript of the latter is stored in the Scientific Archive of the UC RAS ^[6] .

Also known are other Shezher Yurmatians.

• On the territory of the Sterlitamak district of Bashkortostan , the memorial complex "Land of Jurmata" is installed.
• According to the occupied territory and population, Yurmatians were among the largest Bashkir tribes ^[7] .
• Tribal insignia: oran (battle cry): aҡtaylaҡ ; sacred tree: vetla ( өйәңке ); sacred bird: gyrfalcon ( әтәлге ).
• Under the name Kurt-Guarmat, a part of the Yurmatians became a part of the Hungarian people , as Konstantin VII Bagryanorodny wrote about in “ On the management of the empire ”. See details Greater Hungary . R. G. Kuzeev , who pointed out this fact, also notes the connection with the Bulgarian tribe “Yermi”.
• The Yurmata Museum is in Ishimbay.

• Zhivitchenko, E. The Museum of Our Roots is opened in Ishimbay: Museum of the History of the Yurmata Tribe / E. Zhivitchenko // Sunrise . 2010.-December 17.- P.9.
• Ignatiev, V. History of the Earth-Yurmata: from mammoths to “knights” / V. Ignatiev // Voskhod.- 2010.- Aug 19.- P.2., Aug 20.- P.6.

• History of the Bashkir clans. T.30: Yurmats. Part 1
• History of the Bashkir clans. T.30: Yurmats. Part 2
• History of the Bashkir clans. T.30: Yurmats. Part 1
• History of the Bashkir clans. T.30: Yurmats. Part 2
• Article in the Bashkir Encyclopedia
• The tribe of Yurmata
• Shezhere tribe of Yurmata
• Bashkirs of the clan Yurmata, part 1 // Real time
• Bashkirs of the clan Yurmata, part 2 // Real time
• Yusupov Y. “The people of the lamb” of the Eastern Bulgar: on the ethnic history of the clans of Yurmata, Yurmi and Bulyar // Vatandash . - 2007. - No. 8 . - ISSN 1683-3554 .