Jahannam ( Arabic. جهنم - hell) - in Muslim teachings, the most common name for Gehenna or hell .
In the Quran
In the Quran, it is mentioned as the place of the coming punishment of sinners: “Jahannam is the place he appointed to all” (15:43). According to the Qur'an, both people and jinn will fall into the Jahan (11: 120; 41:24), they will remain there forever (23: 105). The main torments that await sinners in Jahannam are from burning fire. The image of fire prevails in the Quranic description of Jahannam, which is distinguished by its naturalistic details.
| Verily, those who disbelieve in Our signs, We will burn in Fire. Whenever their skin is prepared, We will replace it with another skin so that they can taste the torment. Verily, Allah is Mighty, Wise. 4:56 ( Kuliev ) |
| The unfortunate will abide in Fire, where they will inhale and exhale. 11:10 ( Kuliev ) |
Sinners in Jahann are tied up with chains, “their robe is of resin, their face is covered with fire” (14: 50-51), “the fire burns their faces and they are ... gloomy” (23: 106). Sinners' drinking is boiling water (37:: b5; 38:57), which “cuts through their insides” (47:17), and purulent water. When a sinner swallows this water, “death comes to him from all places, but he is not dead, but behind him is a severe punishment” (14: 19-20). In Jahanna, a Zakkum tree grows, in which, instead of fruits, there are heads of shaitans (37: 60-64).
According to the Quranic presentation, widely developed by commentators and theologians, the Jahann is formed by a combination of concentric funnel circles. Jahannam has a gate (39: 71-73; in one of the descriptions - seven gates, 15:44). In some places of the Quran, Jahannam also appears as a trembling, moving monster (89:24; 67: 7-8), which is similar to some Western European medieval notions of hell.
Later versions of the tradition developed both Quranic ideas about Jahanam. They also interpreted the expression “straight road”, “direct path” (assyram almustakim), widely used in the Quran, as a bridge stretched over Jahannam with a sword blade width along which people will pass on the day of the Last Judgment. In “Thousand and One Nights” (“Hasib and the Queen of Serpents”), the concept of Jahannam denotes only the outer zone of Hell (the analogue is the circles of Hell at Dante).
In contrast to Jahannam, righteous Muslims have the opportunity to get to Jannat ( Paradise ).
Literature
- Ali-zade A. A. Jahannam // Islamic Encyclopedic Dictionary . - M .: Ansar , 2007. - 400 p. - (Golden Fund of Islamic thought). - ISBN 5-98443-025-8 .