Bolshezemel'skaya tundra is a hilly moraine plain located in the Russian Federation on lands belonging to the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Republic of Komi . The territory is limited by the Pechora and Usoi rivers (from the west and south), as well as the Polar Urals and Pay-Khoy from the east [1] .
Content
Natural characteristics
Relief
The highest height on the plain reaches 250 m, however, heights of 100-150 m prevail mainly. For the relief, the most characteristic is the presence of hills and moraine ridges , the so-called "musyurs" (which is reflected in the local names: Yaneimusyur , Vangureymusyur , etc.). These ridges consist of sand and boulder loam.
Two elevations pass through the plain: from the Khaipudyr Bay to the mouth of the Tsilma River - the Earth Range , and in the eastern part of the plain - the Chernyshev Ridge , consisting mainly of Paleozoic sediments.
Soil
The bulk of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra falls on permafrost . Peat-bog and silt-bog soils are also represented, and in the south - slightly podzolic - gley soils.
Climate
The climate in this territory is subarctic, winters are long and cold (in January in the southeast of the plains the average temperature is −16 ° C , and in the northwest –20 ° C ), and summers are short and cool (in July the average temperature ranges from 8 up to 12 ° C ) sometimes with frost . The size of annual precipitation ranges from 450 mm in the south to 250 mm in the north.
Rivers and Lakes
A large number of rivers flow through the plain, which are mainly tributaries of Pechora and Usa . In the upper reaches of the largest rivers, such as Shapkina , Kolva and Adzva , there are many lakes (for example, the Vashutkins and Shapkinsky lakes ).
Flora
The main vegetation on the territory of the plain is moss-shrubbery and shrubby, passing in the south into the forest-tundra formed by firs and birches . Coniferous taiga prevails south of the Arctic Circle .
Research History
At the beginning of the 20th century, the map of the region abounded with white spots. So, the first researchers (A. Grigoryev’s group) reached the mouth of the Shapkina River only in 1921 , and were able to advance up the river even later [2] .
Regional Economy
The main activities of the local population are reindeer herding and fishing . A part of the Pechora coal basin is located on the territory of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra. In addition, there are significant oil and gas reserves (according to some estimates, up to 2/3 of the total reserves of the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province [3] ).
See also
- Malozemelskaya tundra
Notes
- ↑ Selivanov A.F. Larger Tundra // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Bolshezemelskaya Tundra and Windy Belt Archived March 13, 2016 on Wayback Machine
- ↑ The Legend of the Bolshezemelskaya Tundra
Literature
- Selivanov A.F. The Larger Tundra // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Tentyukov, MP Ecogeochemistry of industrial development areas of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra and the Yamal Peninsula: dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences: special. 25.00.36 . - Tomsk, 2016 .-- 41 p.
Links
- Bolshezemelskaya tundra // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.